What is Gallbladder Cancer?
Gallbladder cancer is a rare type of cancer that forms in the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver that stores and releases bile to aid in digestion. It typically starts in the inner layer of the gallbladder and can spread to nearby organs or lymph nodes.
Causes
The exact cause of gallbladder cancer is unknown, but certain risk factors have been identified. These include a history of gallstones or inflammation of the gallbladder, a chronic infection with the bacterium Salmonella typhi, certain genetic conditions, obesity, older age, and being female.
Symptoms
Symptoms of gallbladder cancer may include abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), nausea and vomiting, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, and bloating. However, these symptoms are not specific to gallbladder cancer and can be attributed to other conditions as well.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of gallbladder cancer typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, along with blood tests to assess liver function and check for tumor markers. A biopsy may be performed to confirm the presence of cancerous cells.
Treatments
Treatment options for gallbladder cancer depend on the stage and extent of the disease. Surgery is commonly performed to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy), along with nearby lymph nodes and surrounding tissues. In some cases, additional procedures, such as liver resection or bile duct reconstruction, may be necessary.
For advanced cases of gallbladder cancer or if surgery is not possible, other treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. These approaches aim to control the growth of the cancer, relieve symptoms, and improve quality of life.
Since gallbladder cancer is often detected at later stages when it has spread, the prognosis can be poor. Regular screenings are not currently recommended for the general population, but individuals with certain risk factors may require closer monitoring and regular check-ups.
Prevention
Prevention strategies for gallbladder cancer include maintaining a healthy weight, managing gallstones or gallbladder inflammation promptly, and minimizing exposure to known risk factors. Making lifestyle choices that promote good health overall, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and not smoking, may also help reduce the risk of developing gallbladder cancer.